A model for at least two major pathways has emerged based on the existence of these two distinct groups of lesions. On the other hand, about 20% of tumors show muscle invasion (IN) at diagnosis and have a poor prognosis with <50% survival after 5 years. Thus repetitive and costly follow-up based on urine cytology, cystoscopy and imaging studies of the urinary tract is required, even if the prognosis is usually good. More than 70% are in fact low-grade (LG) non-infiltrating (NI) cancers at diagnosis, that can be treated endoscopically by transurethral resection (TUR) alone, recur at least once and 10-20% progress in stage and grade. The existence of two distinct groups of tumors with different clinical features is a remarkable feature of TCC.

The outcomes not only provide valuable information to deeper studying TCC carcinogenesis, but also could help in the clinic for diagnosis and prognosis of patients who will benefit from a more aggressive therapy.īladder cancer is the fourth most common cancer in men and the eighth in women in both incidences and mortality and over 90% of bladder tumors are transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs). Our findings indicate that LG and HG bladder cancer differ with regard to their genomic profile even in the early stage of tumorigenesis moreover, we identified a subgroup of LG samples with a higher tendency to lose genomic regions which could represent a more aggressive phenotype. Finally, we made a comparison of the overall CNAs in 16 biopsies and their respective CSCs isolated from them. Then, we performed array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) on 10 HG and 10 LG tumors providing an overview of copy number alterations (CNAs).

We initially used conventional chromosome analysis on TCC biopsies with different histotypes (LG vs HG) in order to detect rough differences between them.

This study focuses on the complexity of the bladder cancer genome, and for the first time to our knowledge, on the possibility to compare genomic alterations of in vitro selected cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), and their original biopsy in order to identify different genomic signature already present in the early stages of tumorigenesis of LG and HG tumors. On the other hand, about 20% of tumors show muscle invasion (IN) and have a poor prognosis with <50% survival after 5 years. More than 70% are low-grade (LG) non-infiltrating (NI) cancers at diagnosis, but 60-80% of them recur at least one time and 10-20% progress in stage and grade. The existence of two distinct groups of tumors with different clinical characteristic is a remarkable feature of transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs) of the bladder.

Imoto strada